The Bureau of Justice Statistics showed that whites make up 72% of the driving population. 10% of them were stopped. Blacks make up 10% of driving population. 13% of them were stopped. Hispanics make up 12% of the driving population. 10% of them were stopped.
Nationally, of those who were stopped by police, only 2.3% of white people were searched while Blacks and Hispanics were searched over 6% of the time.
It’s been reported that in New York City, off duty black policemen were stopped without cause by on duty NY cops who didn’t know they were also cops.
In a Gallup poll in July 2013, 1 in 4 black men between the ages of 18-34 reported unfair treatment by police in the previous month.
The Department of Justice has found in cities all across America that people of color have been unfairly profiled, targeted, stopped, and/or arrested.
In Ferguson, Missouri , despite being 26% less likely than whites to have illegal contraband in their vehicles, blacks were stopped at a rate twice as often as whites.
In East Haven, Connecticut, Latinos were subjected to more traffic stops, harsher treatment and more retaliation over discrimination complaints.
In New Orleans minorities were subjected to excessive force, illegal stops and pat-down searches. It also found that more African-American residents were arrested, compared with white residents.
References:
Bureau of Justice Statistics study -
http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pbtss11.pdf
Appendix Table 2 - driving population by race
Table 1 - % of stops by race
Table 7 - % of stops turning into searches by race
NYC off-duty cops article -
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-nypd-race-insight-idUSKBN0K11EV20141223
Gallup poll -
http://www.gallup.com/poll/163523/one-four-young-black-men-say-police-dealings-unfair.aspx
Ferguson report -
https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf (page 4)
“African Americans account for 85% of vehicle stops, 90% of citations, and 93% of arrests made by FPD officers, despite comprising only 67% of Ferguson’s population. African Americans are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during vehicle stops even after controlling for non-race based variables such as the reason the vehicle stop was initiated, but are found in possession of contraband 26% less often than white drivers, suggesting officers are impermissibly considering race as a factor when determining whether to search. African Americans are more likely to be cited and arrested following a stop regardless of why the stop was initiated and are more likely to receive multiple citations during a single incident. From 2012 to 2014, FPD issued four or more citations to African Americans on 73 occasions, but issued four or more citations to non-African Americans only twice.”
East Haven report -
https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/legacy/2011/12/19/easthaven_findletter_12-19-11.pdf
“In particular, we find that EHPD engages in discriminatory policing against Latinos, including but not limited to targeting Latinos for discriminatory traffic enforcement, treating Latino drivers more harshly than non-Latino drivers after a traffic stop, and intentionally and woefully failing to design and implement internal systems of control that would identify, track, and prevent such misconduct. The pattern or practice of discriminatory policing that we observed is deeply rooted in the Department's culture and substantially interferes with the ability of EHPD to deliver services to the entire East Haven community.”
New Orleans report -
https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/crt/legacy/2011/03/17/nopd_exec_summary.pdf (pages 5-6)
“Indeed, the limited arrest data that the Department collects points to racial disparities in arrests of whites and African Americans in virtually all categories, with particularly dramatic disparity for African-American youth under the age of 17. Arrest data provided by NOPD 6 indicates that in 2009, the Department arrested 500 African-American males and eight white males under the age of 17 for serious offenses, which range from homicide to larceny over fifty dollars. During this same period the Department arrested 65 African-American females and one white female in this same age group. Adjusting for population, these figures mean that the ratio of arrest rates for both African-American males to white males, and African-American females to white females, was nearly 16 to 1. Although a significant disparity in arrest rates for this age group exists nationwide, it is not nearly as extreme as the disparity found in New Orleans. Nationally in 2009, among those agencies reporting data, the arrest ratio of African-American youth to white youth, for the same offenses, was approximately 3 to 1. The level of disparity for youth in New Orleans is so severe and so divergent from nationally reported data that it cannot plausibly be attributed entirely to the underlying rates at which these youth commit crimes, and unquestionably warrants a searching review and a meaningful response from the Department.”
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